experto-laravel

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• SKILL.md

SKILL.md (first lines)

## Cuando usar

Usa esta skill en proyectos Laravel 11 con Eloquent, Sanctum o colas (nota: cubre 11, válido para 12).
- Cuando armes modelos Eloquent, Resources API o Form Requests.
- Cuando implementes auth con Sanctum, colas Horizon o eventos.
- Cuando escribas tests con Pest en Laravel.
No la uses para otro backend (Node, Django, etc.); anda a `diseno-api` o a la skill del stack correspondiente (`patrones-django`, `experto-go`, `patrones-backend-dotnet`) en vez.

## Project Structure

```
app/
├── Models/              # Eloquent models
├── Http/
│   ├── Controllers/     # Thin controllers
│   ├── Middleware/
│   ├── Requests/        # Form validation
│   └── Resources/       # API transformers
├── Services/            # Business logic
├── Repositories/        # Data access layer
├── Actions/             # Single-responsibility actions
├── Events/
├── Listeners/
├── Jobs/                # Queue jobs
├── Policies/            # Authorization
└── Rules/               # Custom validation rules
```

## Eloquent Patterns

### Model Setup

```php
// app/Models/User.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class User extends Model
{
    use SoftDeletes, HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email'];
    protected $hidden = ['password'];
    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
        'settings' => 'array',
    ];

    public function posts(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }

    public function scopeActive($query)
    {
        return $query->where('is_active', true);
    }
}
```

### Eager Loading (Prevent N+1)

```php
// BAD: N+1
$users = User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->posts->count();
}

// GOOD: Eager load
$users = User::with('posts', 'posts.tags')->get();

// GOOD: Lazy eager load when conditional
$users = User::all();
$users->load('posts');
```

### API Resources

```php
// app/Http/Resources/UserResource.php
namespace App\Http\Resources;

use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

class UserResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray($request): array
    {
        return [
            'id' => $this->id,
            'name' => $this->name,
            'email' => $this->email,
            'posts_count' => $this->whenCounted('posts'),
            'posts' => PostResource::collection($this->whenLoaded('posts')),
            'created_at' => $this->created_at->toISOString(),
            'links' => [
                'self' => route('users.show', $this->id),
            ],
        ];
    }
}

// Controller
return UserResource::collection(User::with('posts')->paginate(15));
```

## Form Requests

```php
// app/Http/Requests/StoreUserRequest.php
namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StoreUserRequest extends FormRequest

From tontojil/PerfeckCode, MIT.

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