fastapi-expert

Files (7)

• SKILL.md
• async-sqlalchemy.md · references/
• authentication.md · references/
• endpoints-routing.md · references/
• migration-from-django.md · references/
• pydantic-v2.md · references/
• testing-async.md · references/

SKILL.md (first lines)

# FastAPI Expert

Deep expertise in async Python, Pydantic V2, and production-grade API development with FastAPI.

## When to Use This Skill

- Building REST APIs with FastAPI
- Implementing Pydantic V2 validation schemas
- Setting up async database operations
- Implementing JWT authentication/authorization
- Creating WebSocket endpoints
- Optimizing API performance

## Core Workflow

1. **Analyze requirements** — Identify endpoints, data models, auth needs
2. **Design schemas** — Create Pydantic V2 models for validation
3. **Implement** — Write async endpoints with proper dependency injection
4. **Secure** — Add authentication, authorization, rate limiting
5. **Test** — Write async tests with pytest and httpx; run `pytest` after each endpoint group and verify OpenAPI docs at `/docs`

> **Checkpoint after each step:** confirm schemas validate correctly, endpoints return expected HTTP status codes, and `/docs` reflects the intended API surface before proceeding.

## Minimal Complete Example

Schema + endpoint + dependency injection in one cohesive unit:

```python
# schemas.py
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, field_validator, model_config

class UserCreate(BaseModel):
    model_config = model_config(str_strip_whitespace=True)

    email: EmailStr
    password: str
    name: str | None = None

    @field_validator("password")
    @classmethod
    def password_strength(cls, v: str) -> str:
        if len(v) < 8:
            raise ValueError("Password must be at least 8 characters")
        return v

class UserResponse(BaseModel):
    model_config = model_config(from_attributes=True)

    id: int
    email: EmailStr
    name: str | None = None
```

```python
# routers/users.py
from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
from typing import Annotated

from app.database import get_db
from app.schemas import UserCreate, UserResponse
from app import crud

router = APIRouter(prefix="/users", tags=["users"])

DbDep = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_db)]

@router.post("/", response_model=UserResponse, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
async def create_user(payload: UserCreate, db: DbDep) -> UserResponse:
    existing = await crud.get_user_by_email(db, payload.email)
    if existing:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT, detail="Email already registered")
    return await crud.create_user(db, payload)
```

```python
# crud.py
from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
from app.models import User
from app.schemas import UserCreate
from app.security import hash_password

async def get_user_by_email(db: AsyncSession, email: str) -> User | None:
    result = await db.execute(select(User).where(User.email == email))
    return result.scalar_one_or_none()

async def create_user(db: AsyncSession, payload: UserCreate) -> User:
    user = User(email=payload.email, hashed_password=hash_password(payload.password), name=payload.name)
    db.add(user)
    await db.commit()
    await db.refresh(user)
    return user
```

## JWT Authentication Snippet

```python
# security.py
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from jose import JWTError, jwt
from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
from typing import Annotated

SECRET_KEY = "read-from-env"  # use os.environ / settings
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/auth/token")

def create_access_token(subject: str, expires_delta: timedelta = timedelta(minutes=30)) -> str:
    payload = {"sub": subject, "exp": datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta}
    return jwt.encode(payload, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]) -> str:
    try:
        data = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
        subject: str | None = data.get("sub")
        if subject is None:
            raise ValueError

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