spring-exploitation
Spring Framework漏洞深度利用专业技能:全年代CVE时间线(2016-2026)、Spring Boot Actuator深度利用与heapdump凭据链、SpEL注入全家族、Spring4Shell数据绑定RCE、Spring…
Skill by langbyyi
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Use cases: ml, security
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What this skill can do and what it asks for, from its SKILL.md. Checked Oct 25, 2026.
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- Skill name
spring-exploitation- Description
- Spring Framework漏洞深度利用专业技能:全年代CVE时间线(2016-2026)、Spring Boot Actuator深度利用与heapdump凭据链、SpEL注入全家族、Spring4Shell数据绑定RCE、Spring Security认证/授权绕过面、Spring内存马全谱系(Filter/Servlet/Interceptor/ControllerAdvice/WebFlux)、Spring Cloud组件漏洞、Spring AI/LLM集成框架攻击面、环境变量/配置注入、Log4Shell组合利用、AI大模型辅助攻防、WAF绕过与不出网利用
- License
- Apache-2.0
- Metadata
- version: 3.0.0
- Instructions
- 1,538 lines in SKILL.md · view on GitHub
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- SKILL.md
SKILL.md (first lines)
# Spring Framework漏洞深度利用技能
> **AI LOAD INSTRUCTION**: Spring 生态深度利用专家打法。按已知前提:Spring MVC 基础与 SpEL 语法。聚焦指纹→Actuator 深度利用→SpEL 全家族→Spring4Shell→Cloud 组件→内存马→Spring AI 攻击面的完整链路决策。
## 概述
Spring Framework是Java Web生态占有率最高的框架,其生态链(Spring Boot/Spring MVC/Spring Cloud/Spring Security/Spring Data/Spring AI)覆盖绝大多数企业级Java应用。本技能v3.0.0站在资深攻防专家视角,系统化覆盖**指纹识别→版本探测→Actuator信息泄露与深度利用→heapdump凭据挖掘→SpEL注入→数据绑定RCE→Spring Security绕过→内存马注入→Spring AI攻击面→配置注入→后渗透**完整攻击链,并融合2025-2026年最新漏洞情报(Spring AI RCE、Spring Framework 2026年6月批量CVE等)。
### 核心概念
- **数据绑定(Data Binding)**:Spring MVC将HTTP参数递归绑定到POJO属性,是Spring4Shell(CVE-2022-22965)与CVE-2010-1622的根因
- **SpEL(Spring Expression Language)**:`#{...}`模板表达式,默认使用`StandardEvaluationContext`(可调用任意类静态方法),是Spring家族RCE的"万金油"
- **StandardEvaluationContext vs SimpleEvaluationContext**:前者允许`T(Type)`类型表达式+方法调用(危险),后者仅允许简单属性访问(安全)。大量CVE修复手段就是把前者替换为后者(如CVE-2022-22963、CVE-2026-22738)
- **Actuator**:Spring Boot运维端点集合,未授权暴露=信息泄露甚至RCE入口
- **内存马**:运行时向JVM内存注入恶意Servlet/Filter/Interceptor,无文件落地、重启失效、绕WAF
- **配置注入**:通过Actuator env端点修改运行期配置,配合refresh触发重新加载
### 安全演进时间线矩阵(2016-2026)
| 阶段 | 时间 | 编号 | 组件 | 类型 |
|------|------|------|------|------|
| 早期SpEL | 2016 | CVE-2016-4977 | Security OAuth2 | SpEL注入 |
| 数据类SpEL | 2017-2018 | CVE-2017-8046 / CVE-2018-1270 / CVE-2018-1273 | Data REST / Messaging / Data Commons | SpEL注入 |
| 配置链 | 2019-2020 | CVE-2019-3799 / CVE-2020-5410 | Cloud Config | 路径遍历 |
| 日志风暴 | 2021 | CVE-2021-44228(Log4Shell) | Log4j2(Spring Boot默认日志) | JNDI注入 |
| Spring家族三连 | 2022 | CVE-2022-22947 / CVE-2022-22963 / CVE-2022-22965 | Gateway / Cloud Function / Core | SpEL RCE / SpEL RCE / 数据绑定RCE |
| 认证绕过潮 | 2022-2023 | CVE-2022-22978 / CVE-2022-31692 / CVE-2023-20860 / CVE-2023-34034 | Security / Framework | 绕过 / ReDoS |
| 收尾修补 | 2024 | CVE-2024-22243 / CVE-2024-22259 / CVE-2024-38819 | Framework | SSRF/开放重定向 / 绕过 |
| 注解绕过 | 2025 | CVE-2025-22223 / CVE-2025-22228 / CVE-2025-22235 / CVE-2025-41248 | Security | 方法注解绕过 / BCrypt截断 / /null匹配 / 泛型注解 |
| 静态资源链 | 2025 | CVE-2025-41242 / CVE-2025-41234 / CVE-2025-41254 | Framework | 路径遍历 / RFD / STOMP绕过 |
| Gateway再爆 | 2025 | CVE-2025-41243 | Cloud Gateway WebFlux | RCE |
| **AI框架爆发** | 2026 | **CVE-2026-22738** / CVE-2026-22729 / CVE-2026-22730 | Spring AI | **SpEL RCE(CVSS 9.8)** / JSONPath注入 / SQL注入 |
| AI内存泄露 | 2026 | CVE-2026-41705 / CVE-2026-41712 / CVE-2026-41713 | Spring AI | 表达式注入 / 跨用户泄露 / 提示注入 |
| Config高危 | 2026 | CVE-2026-40981 / CVE-2026-40982 / CVE-2026-41002 | Cloud Config | 目录遍历(CRITICAL)/ 秘密泄露 / TOCTOU |
| **Framework批量** | 2026 | CVE-2026-41838 ~ CVE-2026-41855(18个) | Framework 7.0.8/6.2.19 | 含SpEL任意方法调用、multipart走私、SSRF等 |
| MCP SSRF | 2026 | CVE-2026-45609 | Spring AI MCP security | SSRF |
> 情报提示:2026年6月Broadcom发布Spring历史上最大规模安全更新(23年来首次、单批次18个CVE),CVE报告量2026年3-4月环比暴涨1700%,主要驱动是AI辅助漏洞扫描。Spring Boot 3.5与Spring AI 1.x于2026-06-30 EOL,遗留系统将长期无补丁。
## 一、Spring指纹识别与版本探测
### 1.1 Spring Boot指纹
**特征路径探测:**
```
/favicon.ico # Spring Boot默认图标(绿叶)
/error # Whitelabel Error Page(Spring Boot特征)
/actuator # Actuator端点(Spring Boot 2.x)
/actuator/health # 健康检查(默认开放)
/actuator/info # 应用信息(默认开放)
/swagger-ui.html # Swagger UI(SpringFox)
/doc.html # Knife4j(国产Swagger增强)
/v2/api-docs # Swagger JSON API
/v3/api-docs # OpenAPI 3.0
/trace # HTTP Trace(Spring Boot 1.x)
/mappings # 路由映射(Spring Boot 1.x)
/env # 环境变量(Spring Boot 1.x)
```
**Response Header特征:**
```
X-Application-Context: application # Spring Boot 1.x
Server: Apache Tomcat/9.0.x # 内嵌Tomcat版本
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff # Spring Security默认
X-Frame-Options: DENY # Spring Security默认
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block # Spring Security默认
```
**错误页面特征:**
```
Whitelabel Error Page # Spring Boot默认错误页
There was an unexpected error (type=..., status=...) # 标准错误格式
timestamp: ..., status: ..., error: ..., path: ... # JSON错误格式
```
**Spring AI指纹(2026新增):**
```
/v1/chat/completions # Spring AI ChatClient API
/v1/embeddings # 向量化接口
/api/v1/chat # 自定义ChatController
/actuator/metrics/ai.* # AI相关Actuator指标
```
### 1.2 Spring版本判断
| 特征 | Spring Boot 1.x | Spring Boot 2.x | Spring Boot 3.x | Spring Boot 4.x |
|------|----------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|
| Actuator前缀 | 无(/env, /health) | /actuator/* | /actuator/* | /actuator/* |
| 默认端口 | 8080 | 8080 | 8080 | 8080 |
| JDK要求 | 6/7/8 | 8+ | 17+ | 21+ |
| Jakarta EE | javax.* | javax.* | jakarta.* | jakarta.* |
| 版本基线 | EOL | EOL | 3.5已EOL(2026-06-30) | 当前主线 |
**通过Actuator确定版本:**
```
GET /actuator/info
→ build.version / build.artifact → 应用版本号
GET /actuator/env
→ spring.boot.version → Spring Boot版本
→ spring.core.version / Spring Core版本 → Spring Framework版本
```
**通过Whitelabel错误页/异常堆栈确定版本段:**
```
# 触发异常观察堆栈(部分应用不脱敏)
# org.springframework.boot → Boot 2.x;jakarta.* → Boot 3.x+
# Spring Security异常类:org.springframework.security.* → 存在Security
# Spring AI异常类:org.springframework.ai.* → 存在Spring AI(攻击面巨大)
```
### 1.3 目录扫描重点路径
```
# 常见Spring Boot路径
/api/** # REST API
/admin/** # 管理后台
/user/** # 用户模块
/auth/** # 认证模块
/system/** # 系统模块
/swagger-resources/** # Swagger资源
/webjars/** # 静态资源From langbyyi/CyberStrikeAI-SRC, Apache-2.0.
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- Stars
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- Forks
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- Open issues
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- Last commit (this folder)
- Sep 9, 2026 (1 month ago)
- Last release
- Oct 16, 2026 (11 days ago)
From GitHub (fetched Oct 24, 2026).
Details
- Version
- 3.0.0
- License
- Apache-2.0
- Repository
- github.com/langbyyi/CyberStrikeAI-SRC
- First seen
- Oct 24, 2026
- Last checked
- Oct 24, 2026
- Source
- GitHubgithub-graphql
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Cite this page
spring-exploitation skill. Agent Mart. https://agentmart.dev/skills/langbyyi-spring-exploitation (last updated 2026-10-24)