backup

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SKILL.md (first lines)

# Backup

Backup and restore files, databases, and systems.

## Setup

**Base tools** (often pre-installed):
- **macOS**: rsync, tar included; for DB tools: `brew install postgresql mysql` (pg_dump, mysqldump), `brew install mongodb/brew/mongodb-database-tools` (mongodump)
- **Ubuntu**: `sudo apt install rsync` (tar usually included), `sudo apt install postgresql-client default-mysql-client mongodb-database-tools` for DB backups

**Cloud**: `rclone config` for multi-cloud; `aws configure` for S3.

## File Backups

### rsync (Incremental)

```bash
# Basic sync
rsync -av /source/ /backup/

# With progress
rsync -av --progress /source/ /backup/

# Exclude patterns
rsync -av --exclude 'node_modules' --exclude '.git' --exclude '*.log' /source/ /backup/

# Remote backup
rsync -avz -e ssh /source/ user@remote:/backup/

# Delete files not in source (mirror)
rsync -av --delete /source/ /backup/

# Dry run
rsync -av --dry-run /source/ /backup/

# Backup with date
rsync -av --backup --backup-dir=/backup/$(date +%Y%m%d) /source/ /backup/current/
```

### tar Archives

```bash
# Create archive
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /path/to/backup/

# With exclude
tar -czvf backup.tar.gz --exclude='*.log' --exclude='node_modules' /path/

# Split large archives
tar -czvf - /path/ | split -b 1G - backup.tar.gz.

# Verify archive
tar -tzvf backup.tar.gz

# Extract
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /destination/

# Incremental tar
tar --create --file=backup.tar --listed-incremental=backup.snar /path/
```

## Database Backups

### PostgreSQL

```bash
# Full backup
pg_dump -h localhost -U user dbname > backup.sql

# Compressed
pg_dump -h localhost -U user dbname | gzip > backup.sql.gz

# All databases
pg_dumpall -U postgres > all_databases.sql

# Custom format (better for large DBs)
pg_dump -h localhost -U user -Fc dbname > backup.dump

# Restore from SQL
psql -h localhost -U user dbname < backup.sql

# Restore from custom format
pg_restore -h localhost -U user -d dbname backup.dump
```

### MySQL

```bash
# Single database
mysqldump -u user -p dbname > backup.sql

# All databases
mysqldump -u user -p --all-databases > all_databases.sql

# With gzip
mysqldump -u user -p dbname | gzip > backup.sql.gz

# Specific tables
mysqldump -u user -p dbname table1 table2 > tables.sql

# Restore
mysql -u user -p dbname < backup.sql
```

### MongoDB

```bash
# Export database
mongodump --uri="mongodb://user:pass@host/dbname" --out=backup/

# Export specific collection
mongodump --uri="mongodb://host/dbname" --collection=users --out=backup/

# Import database
mongorestore --uri="mongodb://host/dbname" backup/dbname/

# Export to JSON
mongoexport --uri="mongodb://host/dbname" --collection=users --out=users.json
```

From jholhewres/devclaw-skills, MIT.

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