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# Vovk.ts essentials

What a typical API build needs. Every fact here matches vovk 4.1's code: don't read `node_modules/vovk*` to check it (version, exports, CLI), and don't `WebFetch` vovk.dev. If something is missing, say so. The installed version is the `vovk` entry in `package.json` (`require('vovk/package.json')` throws: the file isn't exported); the `vovk` bin is in `node_modules/.bin`.

Deeper topics, one skill each: `procedure` (`.fn()`, content types, uploads, downloads, server actions), `decorators` (auth, `meta`, stacking), `segment` (several or static segments), `rpc` (client options, fetcher), `openapi` (`@operation`, Scalar), `jsonlines` (streaming), `tools` (AI tools, MCP), `config`, `init`, `bundle`, `mixins`, `multitenant`, `python`, `rust`.

## What `vovk` exports

- Values: `procedure`, `initSegment`, `get`, `post`, `put`, `patch`, `del`, `head`, `options`, `prefix`, `operation`, `createDecorator`, `HttpException`, `HttpStatus`, `HttpMethod`, `JSONLinesResponder`, `progressive`, `toDownloadResponse`, `controllersToStaticParams`, `multitenant`, `deriveTools`, `ToModelOutput`, `cloneControllerMetadata`.
- Types: `VovkRequest`, `VovkBody`, `VovkQuery`, `VovkParams`, `VovkInput`, `VovkOutput`, `VovkIteration`, `VovkReturnType`, `VovkYieldType`, `VovkConfig`, `VovkSchema`, and a few more for tools and streams.
- Other entry points: `vovk/fetcher` (`fetcher`, `createFetcher`), `vovk/create-rpc`, `vovk/create-validate-on-client`.

## Rules

- Node.js 24.15+ (or Bun 1.4+, Deno 2.9+), Next.js 15+ App Router, TypeScript 5.5+.
- Commit `.vovk-schema/`; the generated client dir (`src/client`) is gitignored and rebuilt by `prebuild`.

## Layout

- **Segment**: `src/app/api/[[...vovk]]/route.ts` serves `/api/*`. Create it once with `npx vovk new segment`.
- **Module**: `src/modules/<name>/<name>-controller.ts` and `<name>-service.ts`. `npx vovk new controller service <name> --empty` writes both and adds the controller to `route.ts`; writing them yourself and adding the controller to `controllers` works the same. `<name>` is camelCase (`userProfile`).
- **Controller**: static procedures with HTTP decorators. A procedure reads the validated input and calls the service.
- **Service**: business logic and data, plain typed arguments, never `req`.

```ts
// src/app/api/[[...vovk]]/route.ts
import { initSegment } from 'vovk';
import ArticleController from '../../../modules/article/article-controller';

const controllers = { ArticleRPC: ArticleController }; // the key is the client module name
export type Controllers = typeof controllers;

export const { GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS } = initSegment({ controllers });
```

## An endpoint

```ts
// src/modules/article/article-controller.ts
import { get, post, prefix, procedure, operation, HttpException, HttpStatus } from 'vovk';
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
import ArticleService from './article-service';

const Article = z.object({ slug: z.string(), title: z.string() });

@prefix('articles')
export default class ArticleController {
  @operation({ summary: 'List articles' })
  @get()                                    // GET /api/articles?limit=20
  static list = procedure({
    query: z.object({ limit: z.coerce.number().int().max(100).default(20) }),
    output: z.object({ articles: z.array(Article) }),
  }).handle(async ({ vovk }) => ArticleService.list(vovk.query()));

  @operation({ summary: 'Get an article' })
  @get('{slug}')                            // GET /api/articles/{slug}
  static get = procedure({
    params: z.object({ slug: z.string() }),
    output: Article,
  }).handle(async (_req, { slug }) => {
    const article = ArticleService.find(slug);
    if (!article) throw new HttpException(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, 'Article not found');
    return article;
  });

  @operation({ summary: 'Create an article' })
  @post()                                   // POST /api/articles, 201
  static create = procedure({
    body: z.object({ title: z.string().min(1) }),
  }).handle(async ({ vovk }) => NextResponse.json(ArticleService.create(await vovk.body()), { status: 201 }));
}
```

URL = `/api/<segment>/<@prefix>/<path>`, empty parts dropped. `{name}` in a path is a param. `@put`, `@patch`, `@del`, `@head`, `@options` work the same.

A path equal to a route with no params gets that route, whatever the order (`users/me` over `users/{id}`). If two routes with params match the same path, the request answers 500 `Conflicting routes found: …`.

`output` is optional. It checks the returned value and becomes the response schema in the OpenAPI document. Without it the client takes the handler's return type, including the body type of `NextResponse.json(…)`.

## Requests

- `await req.vovk.body()`, `req.vovk.query()`, `req.vovk.params()` return the validated input; the handler's second argument is the params. These also work under `.fn()`, where `req.json()` and `req.nextUrl` don't.
- Query values arrive as strings: use `z.coerce.number()`, `z.stringbool()` (not `z.coerce.boolean()`, which makes `"false"` true) or `z.enum`. Repeated keys (`tag=a&tag=b`) and `tag[]=a` give arrays, `filter[status]=open` gives objects, and a lone value for an array field becomes a one-item array.
- Headers and cookies: `headers()` / `cookies()` from `next/headers`, or `req.headers` over HTTP only.
- Validation takes any Standard Schema library that also gives JSON Schema: Zod 4 and ArkType as they are, Valibot wrapped in `toStandardJsonSchema()`.

## Responses

- A returned value is sent as JSON with status 200. `undefined` and `null` send `null`.
- A returned `Response` is sent as it is: `NextResponse.json(data, { status: 201 })` (from `next/server`, so the client keeps the body type), `new Response(null, { status: 204 })`, or with headers.
- With an `output` schema, return the data instead: the output check runs on the returned value, so a `Response` fails it with a 500. Set the status in a decorator, which gets the data after the check:

```ts
import { createDecorator } from 'vovk';

export const status = createDecorator(async (_req, next, code: number) => {
  const data = await next();
  return code === 204 ? new Response(null, { status: 204 }) : Response.json(data, { status: code });
});

// @post() @status(201) static create = procedure({ body, output }).handle(...)
```

- HEAD gets the GET route's status and headers, without a body.

## Errors

`throw new HttpException(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, 'Article not found', cause?)` answers with that status and this body (`cause` only when set):

```json
{ "statusCode": 404, "message": "Article not found", "isError": true, "cause": {} }
```

The generated client throws it again as `HttpException` with the same `statusCode`, `message` and `cause`.

`HttpStatus` names: `OK`, `CREATED`, `ACCEPTED`, `NO_CONTENT`, `BAD_REQUEST`, `UNAUTHORIZED`, `FORBIDDEN`, `NOT_FOUND`, `METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`, `CONFLICT`, `GONE`, `PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE`, `UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`, `UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`, `TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`, `INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`, `NOT_IMPLEMENTED`, `SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`, and the other standard codes.

What vovk answers by itself, in the same body:

From finom/vovk, MIT.

More from finom/vovk